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MSc Thesis · My Proposal

Satellite Crop Classification

ConvLSTM + Conv3D on Sentinel-2 multispectral time-series to classify crops at pixel level — and automatically flag farmer declarations where the satellite evidence contradicts the filed crop type.

Self-proposed: identified the gap from ERP work, proposed the satellite solution, built the ML pipeline, and integrated outputs into the ERP for internal declaration-consistency review.

PyTorchConvLSTMConv3DSentinel-2PASTISPython

Why this matters

Greek farmers submit annual crop declarations to OPEKEPE to claim subsidies under the EU Common Agricultural Policy. Subsidy amounts depend on what crop is declared on each parcel. False or incorrect declarations — whether intentional or not — cost the Greek state millions annually.

The European Space Agency's Copernicus programme makes Sentinel-2 imagery freely available at 10-metre resolution every 5 days. Every growing season leaves a distinct spectral signature in the time-series. A well-trained classifier can read that signature and tell you: wheat, cotton, maize, or fallow.

My thesis built that classifier and connected it to a declaration-consistency check.

Results

94.2%

Overall Accuracy

on held-out Greek test patches

0.96

F1 — Wheat

dominant crop class

0.91

F1 — Cotton

highest-subsidy class

0.93

F1 — Maize

summer crop

10

Sentinel-2 bands

spectral bands per timestep

12

Temporal depth

satellite passes per growing season

Evaluation on Greek region test patches. Training used the PASTIS benchmark (France) with transfer fine-tuning on Greek data. Models: ConvLSTM (best temporal performance) and Conv3D (best overall).

Pipeline

1

Data

Sentinel-2 multispectral time-series. PASTIS benchmark + Greek region patches. 10 spectral bands, 12 timesteps per season.

2

Preprocessing

Cloud masking, temporal interpolation for missing passes, patch extraction (64×64 px) centred on declared parcels.

3

Model

ConvLSTM encoder captures spatio-temporal dynamics across timesteps. 3D convolutional decoder produces pixel-level class maps.

4

Validation

Predictions overlaid on farmer declaration maps. Inconsistent parcels — where the satellite class differs from the declared crop — flagged for review.

Prediction overlays, confusion matrix, and class activation maps

Assets to be added: drop exported PNG overlays + confusion matrix into content/hero/crop-classification/source-assets/

Satellite Crop Classification — Christos Prapas — Christos Prapas